Impumuro yo guhumeka: Mu gushyushya no guhumeka ibintu runaka kugirango ubishyire hejuru ikomeye, byitwa guhumeka.Ubu buryo bwatanzwe bwa mbere na M. Faraday mu 1857, kandi bwabaye bumwe muri
bisanzwe bikoreshwa muburyo bwo gutwikira mugihe cya none.Imiterere yibikoresho byo gutwika ibyuka byerekanwe mubishusho 1.
Ibintu byuka nk'ibyuma, ibivanze, nibindi bishyirwa mubintu bikomeye cyangwa bikamanikwa ku nsinga zishyushye nk'isoko yo guhumeka, kandi igihangano kizashyirwaho, nk'icyuma, ceramique, plastike n'ibindi bikoresho, bishyirwa imbere ya ingirakamaro.Sisitemu imaze kwimurwa mu cyuho kinini, ingenzi irashyuha kugirango ihumure ibirimo.Atome cyangwa molekile yibintu byahumetse bishyirwa hejuru yubutaka muburyo bunoze.Ubunini bwa firime burashobora kuva kuri magana angstroms kugeza kuri microne nyinshi.Ubunini bwa firime bugenwa nigipimo cyo guhumeka nigihe cyamasoko yo guhumeka (cyangwa amafaranga yo gupakira), kandi bifitanye isano nintera iri hagati yisoko na substrate.Kubice binini byambarwa, substrate izunguruka cyangwa amasoko menshi yo guhumeka akenshi bikoreshwa kugirango uburinganire bwa firime bube bumwe.Intera iva mumyuka iva muri substrate igomba kuba munsi yinzira yubusa ya molekile ziva mumyuka ya gaze isigaye kugirango hirindwe kugongana kwa molekile ziva mumyuka hamwe na molekile ya gaze isigaye itera ingaruka za chimique.Impuzandengo ya kinetic ya molekile ziva mumyuka ni 0.1 kugeza 0.2 volt electron.
Hariho ubwoko butatu bwo guhumeka.
Source Isoko ryo gushyushya ibintu: Koresha ibyuma bitavunika nka tungsten na tantalum kugirango ukore ubwato bwa fayili cyangwa filament, hanyuma ushyireho amashanyarazi kugirango ushushe ibintu byuka hejuru yacyo cyangwa mubikomeye (Igicapo 1 [Igishushanyo mbonera cyibikoresho byo gutwika ibyuka] isoko ikoreshwa cyane cyane guhumeka ibikoresho nka Cd, Pb, Ag, Al, Cu, Cr, Au, Ni;
Inkomoko yo gushyushya induction yumurongo mwinshi: koresha umuyoboro mwinshi wa induction kugirango ushushe ibikoresho byingenzi kandi biguruka;
Source Inkomoko yo gushyushya amashanyarazi ya elegitoronike: ikoreshwa Kubikoresho bifite ubushyuhe bwinshi bwo guhumeka (bitari munsi ya 2000 [618-1]), ibikoresho bihumeka mugutera ibisasu hamwe nibikoresho bya electron.
Ugereranije nubundi buryo bwo gutwika vacuum, gutwika umwuka bifite igipimo cyinshi cyo kubitsa, kandi birashobora gushirwa hamwe na firime yibanze kandi idashushe.
Kugirango ubike firime-isukuye cyane ya firime, hashobora gukoreshwa epitaxy ya molekulari.Igikoresho cya molekile beam epitaxy yo gukura ikozwe muri GaAlAkigice kimwe cya kirisiti cyerekanwe mubishusho 2 [Igishushanyo mbonera cyerekana molekile beam epitaxy igikoresho cya vacuum coating].Itanura ry'indege rifite ibikoresho bya molekuline.Iyo ishyutswe ku bushyuhe runaka munsi ya ultra-high vacuum, ibintu biri mu itanura bisohorwa muri substrate mumigezi imeze nka molekile.Substrate yashyutswe ku bushyuhe runaka, molekile zashyizwe kuri substrate zirashobora kwimuka, kandi kristu ikura ikurikije gahunda ya substrate ya kristu.Molecular beam epitaxy irashobora gukoreshwa kuri
shaka isuku-yuzuye yuzuye ya firime imwe ya kirisiti hamwe na stoichiometric ikenewe.Firime ikura buhoro Umuvuduko urashobora kugenzurwa kuri 1 layer / sec.Mugucunga urujijo, firime imwe ya kristu hamwe nibisabwa hamwe nimiterere irashobora gukorwa neza.Molecular beam epitaxy ikoreshwa cyane mugukora ibikoresho bitandukanye bya optique bihujwe hamwe na firime zitandukanye za superlattice.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-31-2021